语言与现实的博弈:论1990年代以后的诗歌

The Game Between Language and Reality:On Poetry After the 1990s

经过20世纪80年代语言意识的洗礼,同时也随着社会的急遽转型,90年代以后诗歌的面貌发生了很大的变化,其内在的驱动力主要是语言和现实的博弈,不同的诗歌风格正是博弈的结果和表征,有三种代表性的形态:其一是诗人们普遍感受到语言难以抵达意义的焦虑,现实的因素虽然进入了语言,但最终因“现实”在诗歌中只具有文化符号的性质而成了修饰,词语的快感击退了现实的展开;其二是以个人经验为起点,诗人将重心放在了语言对世界的想象和虚构上,它使诗歌同时具有了认知的功能;其三是通过语言,个人与时代发生了明显的联结,但与集体主义时代不同的是,诗歌对现实的责任感须由语言去完成,在此意义上,语言也成为对于现实的行动。

After the 1990s,the landscape of poetry has taken great changes with the game between language and reality as its internal driving force.The result and representation of the game is different styles of poetry with three kinds of typical forms.First,the poets feel the anxierty that language cannot reach significance.Although realistic factors have entered language,the“reality”becomes the decoration for the“reality”in poems only has the nature of cultural symbol,and the pleasure of words repelles the reality.Second,starting from personal experience,the poets focus on language’s imagination and fiction of the world,which gives poetry the cognitive function.Third,through language,the individual is clearly connected with the times.However,different from the collectivism era,poetry’s responsibility for reality must be fulfilled by language.In this sense,language also becomes an action to reality.