水稻机械除草技术装备研究现状及智能化发展趋势

Present status and intelligent development prospects of mechanical weeding technology and equipment for rice

稻田生态系统中的杂草是造成水稻产量下降和品质降低的主要原因之一,施用化学除草剂会带来作物药害、杂草抗药性和环境污染等诸多负面问题,机械除草作为一种环境友好型的绿色除草方式,可以有效地替代化学除草,缓解施用除草剂带来的危害。本文针对水稻株间机械除草的技术难点,从苗草根系差异特点的角度对水稻株间机械除草装置研究现状进行了系统介绍,归纳了水稻机械除草新技术的类型和特点,总结了几种新型水稻机械除草装备的特色和优点。提出具有高精度杂草定位功能的智能除草技术将是未来水田机械除草技术发展的必然趋势。

Weed is one of the main causes for decline of rice yield and quality.The application of chemical herbicide has brought many negative problems,such as crop toxicity,weed resistance and environmental pollution,etc.Mechanical weeding,as an environmentally-friendly weeding method,can effectively replace chemical weeding and alleviate the harm caused by herbicide.Aiming at the technical difficulties of mechanical weeding among rice plants,the research status of mechanical weeding devices among plants were systematically introduced from the perspective of root difference characteristics of weed seedlings.The types and characteristics of new mechanical weeding technology were introduced,and the unique features and advantages of several new mechanical weeding equipments for rice were summarized.It is pointed out that intelligent weeding technology with high precision and high weed localization function will be the inevitable development trend of mechanical weeding technology for rice in future.