德国企业参与职业教育的动因、角色及启示

The Motivation, Role and Inspiration of German Enterprises Participating in Vocational Education

企业的深度参与是德国职业教育获得长足发展的基因密码。德国《职业教育法》的二次修订体现了德国职业教育改革的新动向。与前一版相比,保障学徒权益、增强"双元制"内部融通性等新修订的内容,更加强调企业参与。企业是德国职业教育技能资格培训的重要承担者、职业培训经费的主要提供者、职业教育活动的关键实施者、职业教育双元参与的最终受益者。德国企业深度参与职业教育的成功经验启示我们:现代化职教体系建设要注重完善职教法律体系,推动企业成为职教办学主体;鼓励行业协会参与,构建多元主体协同治理格局;加大财政投入力度,解决职业教育成本分担问题;规范企业资质认证,保障企业参与职业教育质量。

In-depth enterprise participation is the genetic code for the rapid development of German vocational education. The second revision of the German "Vocational Education Law" reflects the new trend of German vocational education reform. Compared with the previous edition, new emphasis has been placed on the protection of apprentices ’rights and the enhancement of internal mobility in the "dual system", with greater emphasis on corporate participation. Enterprises are important bearers of German vocational education skills qualification training, main providers of vocational training funds, key implementers of vocational education activities, and ultimate beneficiaries of dual participation in vocational education. The successful experience of the deep participation of German companies in vocational education brings us the following enlightenment: the construction of a modern vocational education system should focus on improving the vocational education legal system and promote enterprises to become the main body of vocational education;industry associations should be encouraged to participate and build a multi-subject collaborative governance structure;Fiscal investment efforts should be made to solve the problem of vocational education cost sharing;enterprise qualification certification should bestandardized to ensure the quality of enterprise participation in vocational education.