云南中考和PISA关于图形与几何试题的比较研究——以云南省两所中学为例

A Comparative Study of Yunnan Students’ Performance on Items Related to Figures and Geometry in PISA and the Yunnan Middle School Entrance Examination

设计由PISA2012和云南中考数学"几何与图形"方面试题组成的测试试卷,分别对城、乡两所初级中学初三部分学生进行测试,并设计调查问卷进行调查.对PISA2012和云南中考数学两部分的试题考点和成绩进行比较分析,并调查分析学生对PISA试题的态度.结果显示:云南中考涉及的数学知识和方法较广、较深、综合性较强、思维层次较深,对从实际应用背景抽象出数学信息的要求不够;云南师生很少接触PISA数学测试的理念和试题;学生总体认为PISA试题更有趣.由此建议:云南中考应当借鉴PISA的理念,在保留选拔学生功能的同时,适当增加类似PISA数学试题中联系生活的应用问题,降低试题的难度;更加关注全体学生应用数学解决问题的能力,加强应用意识的培养.

This study used an instrument consisting of figures and geometry items from both the PISA 2012 Mathematics and Yunnan Middle School Entrance Examination in Mathematics. The instrument was administered to all three grades of junior middle school students in urban and rural areas. These students have also answered a questionnaire to investiage their attitudes toward the PISA items. We compared the examination points and scores of PISA and Yunnan Middle School Entrance Examination Mathematics and concluded that the mathematics knowledge and solving strategies involved in the middle school entrance exam are wider, deeper, and more comprehensive in thinking than those of PISA, but the requirement of abstracting mathematical information from practical application backgrounds is not as high as on PISA. Teachers and students in Yunnan rarely experience or understand the ideas on or the type of test that is PISA, and the students reported that the questions of PISA were more interesting than those of the Middle School Entrance Examination. This study also puts forward two suggestions:(1) the middle school entrance examination of Yunnan Province should incorporate the ideas of PISA, while retaining the function of selecting students, by appropriately increasing the questions which relate to real life as on PISA;(2) the difficulty of the test should be reduced, emphasizing student’s ability to solve real-life problems and improving their awareness of applying mathematics in real life.