新冠肺炎疫情对医院污水防控体系建设的影响及启示

The influence and inspiration of COVID-19 epidemic on the construction of hospital sewage prevention and control system

医院污水来源及成分复杂,含有病原性微生物、药物及其代谢产物、抗性基因、重金属和造影剂等,不经有效处理将成为一条疫病扩散的重要途径和严重的环境污染源。药物等新兴污染物在全球范围内的出现,成为水环境和水污染控制的热点研究内容,而医院污水又是新兴污染物重要来源之一。基于目前新冠肺炎疫情特殊时期对医疗系统防控体系的影响,阐述了医院污水中药物和病原微生物的分布情况,概括了医院污水处理技术的进展及问题,提出了医院污水处理技术的未来发展方向。在新冠肺炎疫情的特殊情况下,医院污水防控体系的建设需要更高的要求和标准。其中,药物降解与病原微生物同步杀灭将是未来医院污水处理技术及装备开发的“热土”。

The sources and components of hospital sewage are complex,including pathogenic microorganisms,drugs,metabolites,antibiotic resistant genes,heavy metals,contrast agents,etc.It will become an important way of epidemic spread and a serious source of environmental pollution without effective treatment.Moreover,the emerging contaminants,such as drugs,have become a hotspot in water environment and water pollution control,and the hospital sewage is one of important sources of these contaminants.Based on the impact of COVID-19 on the prevention and control system of the medical system during the current epidemic period,this review illustrated the distribution of drugs and pathogenic microorganisms in hospital sewage,summarized the progress and problems of domestic and foreign hospital sewage treatment technology,and also proposed the future development direction of hospital sewage treatment technology.More importantly,under the special circumstances of COVID-19 epidemic,higher requirements and standards are needed for the construction of hospital sewage control system.Specifically,the simultaneous degradation of drugs and disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms may be the"hotspot"for the development of hospital sewage treatment technology and equipment in the future.