30种观赏草在上海地区的观赏适应性评价

Ornamental-adaptability Evaluation of Thirty Ornamental Grasses in Shanghai

通过层次分析法,从生态适应性和观赏性2个方面,选择抗寒性、抗热性、抗旱性、抗病虫害、抗倒伏、生长势、观赏价值、叶色、花序美感、花期、绿期11个评价因子,建立了上海地区观赏草评价指标体系,对上海地区常见的30种观赏草进行了评价,并分成5个等级。结果表明,Ⅰ级:“矮”蒲苇(Cortaderia selloana“Pumila”)、“歌舞”芒(Miscanthus sinensis“Cabaret”)、粉穗狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides“Viridescens”)等13种观赏草,有极强的抗性和观赏性,完全适合在上海地区推广;Ⅱ级:木贼(Equisetum hyemale)、知风草(eragrostis ferruginea)等8种观赏草,有较强的抗性和观赏性,可以在上海地区推广;Ⅲ级:“火焰”狼尾草(Pennisetum setaceum“Fireworks”)、羽绒狼尾草(Pennisetum setaceum)等3种观赏草观赏价值较高,但在抗寒性方面欠佳,只能作为一年生植物应用;Ⅳ级:香茅(Cymbopogon citratus)、“金叶”薹草(Carex oshimensis“Evergold”)等4种观赏草没有花序或花序观赏价值小,可在上海地区作为观叶植物推广;Ⅴ级:“埃丽”蓝羊茅(Festuca glauca“Elijah Blue”)和海滨羊茅(Festuca glauca“Blausilber”)2种观赏草,花序观赏价值小,抗热性差,在上海夏季极易死亡,不宜在上海地区推广。

An ornamental-adaptability evaluation system of ornamental grasses was established by method of Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)considering their ecological adaptability and esthetical value,which included 11 characteristics that was the plant resistances of cold,heat,drought,pests and lodging,as well as plant growth vigor,esthetical value,leaf color,beauty of its inflorescence,flowering period,and green period per year.This evaluation system was applied to evaluate 30 ornamental grass species which are commonly used in Shanghai area.The result showed that 30 ornamental grass species could be classified into 5 different grades.Grade Ⅰ included 13 species with the strongest resistance to all stresses and highest esthetical value,such as Cortaderia selloana“Pumila”,Miscanthus sinensis“Cabaret”and Pennisetum alopecuroides“Viridescens”.They were the first recommended ornamental grass species in Shanghai.Grade Ⅱ included 8 species with the strong resistance to all stresses and high esthetical value,such as Equisetum hyemale and eragrostis ferruginea.They were the second recommended ornamental grass species in Shanghai.Grade Ⅲ included 3 species with the high esthetical value and low cold resistance,such as Pennisetum setaceum“Fireworks”and Pennisetum setaceum.They were only recommended for annual ornamental grasses in Shanghai.Grade Ⅳ included 4 species without inflorescence or lack of inflorescence beauty,such as Cymbopogon citratus and Carex oshimensis“Evergold”.They were only recommended for foliage plants in Shanghai.Grade Ⅴ included 2 species without inflorescence beauty and poor heat resistance,which were Festuca glauca“Elijah Blue”and Festuca glauca“Blausilber”.They were difficult to survive during the summer months and should not be recommended in Shanghai.