短柄五加植物学特征与生物学特性研究

Study on the Botany Characteristics and Biological Characteristics of Eleutherococcus brachypus(Harms)Nakai

[目的]为开发短柄五加的种苗繁育技术,研究其植物学特征和生物学特性。[方法]在短柄五加主要分布区域内通过调查走访、现地调查,同时结合对2个居群的定点观测,研究其植物的形态特征、营养生长特性、生殖生物学特性等。[结果]短柄五加仅分布于陕甘宁交界处的狭小区域内;营养生长缓慢,生物量有限;结实率低,种子质量差,后熟时间长,有性繁殖困难,为促使其种子顺利萌发必须培育优质种子并对种子进行变温处理;其资源量极为有限,是我国面临濒危的特产植物。[结论]该研究可为保护这一珍贵药用植物资源、野生抚育和规范化栽培等提供理论依据。

[Objective]In order to develop the seedling culture technique of Eleutherococcus brachypus and study its botany characteristics and biological characteristics.[Method]In the main distribution area of Eleutherococcus brachypus,through investigation visits,on-site investigations,combined with fixed-point observations of two populations,the morphological characteristics,vegetative growth characteristics and reproductive biological characteristics of the plants were studied.[Results]Eleutherococcus brachypus was small and only distributed in the border of Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia;the vegetative growth was slow and biomass was limited.The fruit yield rate was low,the seed quality was poor,the seed ripening time was long,and the sexual reproduction was difficult.In order to promote the smooth germination of the seeds,it was necessary to carry out seed temperature-changing treatment and cultivate high-quality seeds.The amount of resources was extremely limited and it was an endangered specialty plant in China.[Conclusion]The research can provide theoretical basis for protecting this precious medicinal plant resource,wild tending and standardized cultivation.