基于层次分析法的场地自然教育适宜性评价体系的构建

Suitability evaluation system construction of nature education sites based on analytic hierarchy process

科学、客观地评估场地自然教育的适宜性,为自然教育场地的选择提供量化的理论依据。在典型自然教育场地调研、自然教育课程调研和自然教育资料整理的基础上,结合专家意见,从场地安全性、场地资源、场地舒适度3方面择取生物安全性、安全措施、绿化养护、设施维护、植物多样性、动物多样性、基础设施、人文价值、温觉舒适度、视觉舒适度、听觉舒适度、嗅觉舒适度12个指标,采用层次分析法(AHP法)计算、确定各层相对权重。从评价模型的权重数据可见:权重值较大的3个指标分别是生物安全性(0.1886)、安全措施(0.1875)、温觉舒适度(0.1337),而权重相对较低的3个指标分别是人文价值(0.0230)、动物多样性(0.0276)、听觉舒适度(0.0500)。

In this paper,the suitability of natural education activities on the sites was evaluated scientifically and objectively to provide a quantitative theoretical basis for the selection of natural education sites.On the basis of the investigations on typical natural education research sites,natural education curriculum research,the document integration on natural education sites and experts opinions,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was utilized to calculate the weights of each layer including twelve indicators as biological risk,security measures,greening management,facility maintenance,plant diversity,animal diversity,infrastructure,humanistic value,warmth,visual comfort,acoustic comfort,and smell comfort selected from three aspects as security,resource,and thecomfort level.From the weights of the evaluation model,it could be seen that the three relatively important indicators with relatively large weight value were biological risk(0.1886),security measures(0.1875)and thermal comfort(0.1337),while the three relatively unimportant indicators with relatively small weight value were humanistic value(0.0230),animal diversity(0.0276),and auditory comfort(0.0500).