西安市中心城区住区环境与居民身体活动的相关性

Relation between building environment and physical activity of residents in downtown area of Xi′an city

为探讨西安市中心城区住区环境因素和居民身体活动水平的相关性,随机选取莲湖区16~69周岁居民进行NEWS-A、IPAQ-L问卷调查,按不同年龄、性别分组,对总体以及不同组别的居民进行住区环境和身体活动的相关性分析。结果表明:总体居民住宅附近的住宅密度与交通相关的身体活动呈显著性负相关(P<0.05);中年组住宅附近住宅密度与交通相关的身体活动呈显著性负相关(P<0.05)、住宅附近的道路与交通相关的身体活动呈显著性正相关(P<0.05);男性居民住宅附近可供步行的地方与住宅附近环境景观都和休闲体育相关的身体活动呈显著性正相关(P<0.05),女性居民住宅附近的住宅密度与交通相关的身体活动呈显著性负相关(P<0.05)。研究发现:西安中心城区住宅密度较高,会降低居民日常交通相关身体活动,特别对以工作相关身体活动为主的中年人群受影响较大;居住区域周边设施建设环境及可供步行空间对男性居民的休闲体育相关身体活动水平影响较大;住宅密度会影响女性居民日常交通身体活动。未来开展提高居民身体活动水平的运动干预研究,应充分考虑与该身体活动类型相关的住区环境因素。

To reveal the correlation between Xi′an downtown residents′physical activity(PA)levels and the building environment factors,150 residents of 16-69 years old in Lianhu district were selected randomly to conduct questionnaire surveys using NEWS-A and IPAQ-L.The residents were also grouped by age and gender,and an analysis of the correlation between the built environment and PA was conducted.The results showed that the residential density was significantly negatively correlated with traffic-related PA(P<0.05),especially in the middle-aged group(P<0.05).The street connectivity was significantly positively correlated with traffic-related PA in the middle-aged group(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the infrastructure and safety for walking and the males′leisure-related PA(P<0.05)and the nearby building density and traffic-related PA in female(P<0.05)is significantly correlated.The high residential density in the downtown area of Xi′an city will reduce the residents′daily traffic-related PA,especially for middle-aged people who takes mainly work-related PA.The scenery around the residential environment and the available walkable space have a greater impact on males′leisure-related PA level.Residential density affects females′daily traffic-related PA.In future studies about exercise intervention to improve the PA level,the buiding environmental factors related to different types of PA should be fully taken into consideration.