摘要
针对当前杂交水稻制种对机械化授粉装备的迫切需求,设计了气力式杂交水稻制种授粉机。首先对其关键部件授粉管建立了计算流体力学模型,进一步以授粉管内径、气流出口长度与宽度为因素,以气流出口流速变异系数、气流覆盖高度为指标,利用Design Expert软件设计了三因素三水平的Box-Behnken仿真试验,并对授粉管结构参数进行优化。结果表明:在授粉管内径为60~80 mm、气流出口长度为100~200 mm、气流出口宽度为4~10 mm的范围内,授粉管内径、气流出口宽度及授粉管内径与气流出口宽度的交互作用、气流出口长度与宽度的交互作用、气流出口宽度平方对气流出口流速变异系数影响极显著(P<0.01);授粉管内径、气流出口长度与宽度及二者的交互作用、授粉管内径与宽度的交互作用对气流覆盖高度的影响极显著(P<0.01)。授粉管较佳结构为内径64.49 mm,气流出口长度、宽度分别为200.0、7.25 mm,此时出口气流速度变异系数为9.10%,气流覆盖高度187.57 mm。为便于加工,选用授粉管内径61.5 mm的标准不锈钢管,取气流出口长度、宽度分别为200、7.5 mm并进行验证试验,气流出口流速实测值与仿真值基本一致,实测流速变异系数为8.83%~9.25%,气流出口流速分布均匀。研究结果可为气力式杂交水稻制种授粉机参数优化提供参考。
Hybrid rice has made outstanding contributions to solving the world's food problems,and seed production is a key link in the production of hybrid rice.In response to the current urgent need for mechanized pollination equipment for hybrid rice production,a pneumatic hybrid rice pollination machine was designed,it is mainly composed of power chassis,battery,controller,air velocity transducer,side pollination,middle pollination pipe,central pollination pipe,fan and lifting part.Firstly,a computational fluid dynamics model was established for its key component pollination pipe,the structure of the pollination pipe includes inlet,body,deflect,outlet and divider.Moreover,in order to explore the law of flow field distribution of pollination pipe,a single factor experiment was designed,with the diameter of pollination pipe,outlet length and outlet width as factors.The experiment results showed that with the increase of diameter of pollination pipe and the decrease of outlet length and width,the acute angle between the direction of the external airflow and the centerline of the pollination pipe increased,which was consistent with the requirement that the airflow was far as possible perpendicular to the center of the pipe during pollination.The better range of pollination pipe structure parameters was that diameter of pollination pipe was greater than 70 mm,and outlet length and width were 100-150 and 4-8 mm respectively.Furthermore,a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken simulation experiment was designed taking the variable coefficient of airflow velocity and cover height of airflow as targets with Design Expert software to obtain better pollination pipe structure parameters,and the parameters of the pollination pipe structure were optimized.The results showed that the range of diameter of pollination pipe from 60 mm to 80 mm,outlet length from 100 mm to 200 mm,outlet width from 4 mm to 10 mm,diameter of pollination pipe,outlet width and interaction between diameter of pollination pipe and outlet width,outlet length and outlet width,square of outlet width had significant effects on variable coefficient of airflow velocity,and the influences of various factors on it as follows from large to small were square of the outlet width,interaction between diameter of pollination pipe and outlet width,interaction between outlet length and outlet width,diameter of pollination pipe,outlet width,square of diameter of pollination pipe,outlet length;diameter of pollination pipe,outlet length,outlet width and their interaction between outlet length and outlet width,diameter of pollination pipe and outlet width has a significant effect on cover height of airflow,influence of various factors on it as follows from large to small is outlet width,diameter of pollination pipe,outlet length,interaction between outlet length and outlet width,diameter of pollination pipe and outlet length.The optimization of structure parameters of pollination pipe was that diameter of pollination pipe 64.49 mm,outlet length and width was 200 and 7.25 mm,the variable coefficient of airflow velocity was 9.10%at this condition,and cover height of airflow was 187.57 mm.In order to facilitate processing,a standard pollination pipe with an inner diameter of 61.5 mm was selected,and outlet length and width were 200 and 7.5 mm respectively for verification experiments.The measured value of the air outlet flow velocity was basically the same as the simulation value,the measured variable coefficient of airflow velocity was 8.83%~9.25%,and the cover height of airflow was evenly distributed.The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of the parameters of the pneumatic hybrid rice seed production pollination machine.
作者
姚福强
王永维
郝一枫
韦真博
虞嘉媛
陈梦媛
黄心瑶
王俊
Yao Fuqiang;Wang Yongwei;Hao Yifeng;Wei Zhenbo;Yu Jiayuan;Chen Mengyuan;Huang Xinyao;Wang Jun(College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第18期18-25,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0701202)
国家自然科学基金(31971796)
国家水稻产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-01-102)
浙江大学大北农学科发展和人才培养基金。
关键词
杂交水稻
制种授粉
计算流体力学
参数优化
试验验证
hybrid rice
breeding pollination
computational fluid mechanics
parameter optimization
experimental verification