环境规制对我国资源型城市就业的影响机制及实证分析

The Influence Mechanism and Empirical Analysis of Environmental Regulation on Employment in Resource-based Cities

充分就业是宏观经济政策的重要目标,环境规制是经济绿色增长的保证,那么环境规制是否有利于社会就业水平的提高?文章分析了环境规制通过需求效应、成本效应和要素替代效应对资源型城市整体及其内部不同产业就业的影响,并构建了动态面板模型,用系统GMM估计法对该影响机制进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:整体上,环境规制抑制了资源型城市的就业;分解规制的就业效应后发现,需求效应是阻碍资源型城市就业增长的潜在因素;结合产业异质性,进一步研究发现,需求效应有利于第三产业的就业增长,而要素替代效应则阻碍了第二产业就业水平的提高。

Full employment is an important goal of macroeconomic policy,and environmental regulation is the guarantee of green economic growth.Is environmental regulation conducive to the improvement of social employment?This paper analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on employment in resource-based cities and their internal different industries through demand effect,cost effect and factor-shift effect,constructs a dynamic panel model,and empirically tests the impact mechanism by systematic GMM estimation method.The research shows that environmental regulation has negative effect on employment of resource-based cities.After decomposing the employment effect of regulation,we find that the demand effect is a potential factor hindering employment growth in resource-based cities.Based on the further study of industrial heterogeneity,it is found that the demand effect is conducive to employment growth in the tertiary industry,while the factor-shift effect hinders the increase in the employment level of the secondary industry.