创业者健康研究:现状分析及未来展望

Research on the Health of Entrepreneurs:Current Situation Analysis and Future Prospects

创业者健康越来越受到创业学者的关注。现有创业者健康的研究主要集中在两方面:一是关于创业者健康的比较研究,包括创业者与非创业者的比较以及不同创业者群体之间的比较;二是关于影响创业者健康的因素以及创业者健康对创业活动影响的研究。文章通过系统回顾和梳理现有相关文献发现,正是由于创业者的个体特征、职业特征、工作压力与创业者健康之间存在的复杂关系,导致学者们关于“创业者是否会更容易产生健康问题”的论断仍未达成一致。基于情境化观点,文章构建了创业者健康的“情境—反应—健康”框架,该框架阐释了创业者的个体情境、组织情境、家庭与社会网络情境、社会文化环境情境等不同层面的创业情境所激发的创业者在压力、情绪、生活方式方面的应对方式,以及这些应对方式所产生的健康后果。在此基础上,建议未来创业者健康研究应当尝试更多研究方法,诸如使用跨层次研究方法、进行跨文化比较研究、基于多样化的数据进行实证探索等,以不断丰富创业者健康的研究框架,拓展创业者健康领域的研究内容。

More and more attention has been paid to the health of entrepreneurs.The existing researches on the health of entrepreneurs mainly focus on two aspects:one is the comparative study on the health of entrepreneurs,including the comparison between entrepreneurs and non entrepreneurs,and the comparison between different groups of entrepreneurs;the second is about the factors that affect the health of entrepreneurs and the impact of entrepreneurs'health on entrepreneurial activities.Based on a systematic review and review of the existing literature,this paper finds that it is precisely because of the complex relationship between the individual characteristics,occupational characteristics,work pressure and the health of entrepreneurs that scholars have not reached an agreement on whether entrepreneurs are more likely to have health problems.Based on the contextualization point of view,this paper constructs a"situation-response-health"framework of entrepreneurs'health.The framework explains the coping styles of entrepreneurs in the aspects of stress,emotion and life style,and the health consequences of these coping styles,which are inspired by different entrepreneurial situations,such as individual situation,organization situation,family and social network situation,and social and cultural environment situation.On this basis,this paper suggests that future entrepreneurs'health research should try more research methods,such as using cross-level research methods,cross-cultural comparative research,empirical exploration based on diversified data,so as to enrich the research framework of entrepreneurs'health and expand the research content in the field of entrepreneurs'health.