反思和厘定:生态环境损害赔偿制度的“本真”--以其适用范围为切口

Reflection and Definition:The“Essence”of the Compensation System for Eco-environmental Damage--From the Perspective of Its Scope of Application

目前,最高人民法院以司法解释的形式正式确立了生态环境损害赔偿制度的适用范围,然“分级”和“划区”索赔的事实与改革旨意、学界解释、实践理性等溢出印象存在较大偏差,违背损害赔偿的一般立法原理。在揭示规范形式与制度目的间客观矛盾基础上,证成当前生态环境损害赔偿制度发展样态渐趋“变质”从保护生态环境倾向至保护赔偿权利人的现实。生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼制度作为保护生态环境的两架并行的“马车”,素有职能重叠、立法重复之嫌疑。在念及我国环保与发展、政府与企业之间的复杂关系,且正视环境公益诉讼制度的有限救济功能基础上,最终确立其应然适用的范围,以实现与环境公益诉讼分工互补的系统目的。

At present,the Supreme People's Court has formally established the scope of application of the system of compensation for damages to the ecological environment in the form of judicial interpretation.However,the fact of“grading”and“zoning”claims deviates greatly from the legal impression of reform intention,academic interpretation and practical rationality,and violates the general legislative principles of compensation for damages.On the basis of revealing the objective contradiction between the normative form and the purpose of the system,this paper proves that the development pattern of the current compensation system for ecological environment damage“deteriorates”,that is,from the tendency to protect the ecological environment to the compensation right holders.The system of compensation for damage to the ecological environment and the system of environmental public interest litigation are two important means,but they have been facing the dilemma of overlapping functions and duplication of legislation.Considering the complex relationship between environmental protection and development,the government and enterprises,and facing the limited relief function of environmental public interest litigation system,we can finally establish its scope of application,and ultimately realize the system purpose of complementing environmental public interest litigation system in the division of labor.