壳体激光复合焊接设备设计与分析

Design and Analysis of Shell Laser Hybrid Welding Equipment

某发动机壳体为大长径比圆柱形薄壁壳体零件,采用旋压成型工艺加工时,内径误差较大、圆度差,焊接后产品精度要求较高。针对以上特点,研制激光复合焊接装备,提出大长径比高强钢壳体结构件多单元联动的激光复合焊接装备构架,揭示了激光功率、光丝间距、焊接速度等焊接工艺参数对焊接质量的影响规律。开发了多系统协调控制的一体化控制软件,突破了旋压壳体零件高精度定位与装夹技术、分布式自适应自动撑圆技术等关键技术。解决了内径公差较大的大长径比旋压壳体零件装夹、定位、自适应撑圆难题,实现了高强钢壳体环缝激光复合自动焊接。

An engine shell is a cylindrical thin-walled shell part with large aspect ratio.Using spinning forming,the inner diameter error is large and the roundness is poor,and the precision of the welded product is required higher.In view of the above characteristics,a laser hybrid welding equipment was developed,and a multi-unit linkage laser hybrid welding equipment framework for high strength steel shell with large aspect ratio was proposed.The influence law of welding parameters such as laser power,wire spacing and welding speed on welding quality was revealed.An integrated control software with multi-system coordinated control was developed.Key technologies such as high precision positioning and clamping technology for spinning shell parts and distributed self-adapting automatic circular support technology had been broken through.The problems of clamping,positioning and self-adapting circular support of the large aspect ratio spinning shell parts with large inner diameter tolerance were solved,and the laser hybrid automatic welding of high strength steel shell circumferential seam was realized.