维生素D缺乏与儿童神经精神发育障碍研究现况

Vitamin D deficiency and neuropsychological development disorders in children

随着生活方式的改变、户外活动减少以及营养素摄入不均衡等因素的影响,维生素D(vitamin D,VitD)缺乏症在世界范围内普遍存在,儿童中尤为明显,已经成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。众所周知,VitD作为一种脂溶性维生素与活跃的神经类固醇激素,不仅是促进骨骼代谢和肌肉功能的重要调节因子,还在维持大脑稳态、神经发育和分化等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来,越来越多的研究证据表明,VitD缺乏可能与儿童神经精神发育障碍有关,可增加儿童孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)、注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)、认知发育障碍和精神分裂症等不良神经精神结局的风险。目前对于VitD缺乏引起儿童神经精神发育障碍的机制仍不清楚,本综述旨在了解VitD缺乏对儿童神经精神发育的影响,同时总结VitD缺乏对儿童5-羟色胺(5-HT)的分布和功能的影响。

Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide,especially among children,as a result of changes in lifestyle,lacking of outdoor activities and imbalance in nutrient intake.It has become a global public health concern.As a fat-soluble hormone and an active neurosteroid hormone,vitamin D is not only a key regulator of bone metabolism and muscle function,but also plays a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis,neurodevelopment and differentiation.Growing body of evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,cognitive disorder and schizophrenia in children.The mechanism underlying vitamin D deficiency induced neurodevelopmental disorde,is not clear.This review focuses on the effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurodevelopment in children and the distribution and function of serotonin in children.