异域“折射”:斯宾诺莎汉译及阐释探察 (1929—1943)

The Refracted Treatises:Baruch Spinoza's Journey in Modern China(1929-1943)

斯宾诺莎是西方哲学史上重要的唯理主义哲学家,其哲学思想整体上因循了亚里士多德以来的形而上学思考,确立了“神”作为唯一实体的存在,又因强调“神”和“自然”的同一以及“神”所具有的多种属性和样态呈现出明显的个人特色。自第一本汉译著作《伦理学》问世,到之后《致良知》的翻译出版,斯宾诺莎的哲学思想在汉译和引介过程中遭遇了不同程度的“折射”。包括实体一元论、自然主义思想以及几何学阐释方法在内的斯氏学说三大基石均被片面解读,打上了“有定”“无定”“唯物”“唯心”等标签,披上了老庄思想、佛学和宋明理学的外衣,引发了中国知识界的持续关注与论争。理解斯宾诺莎哲学思想在近现代中国学界的“折射”及“折射”背后的成因,或能为学界进一步认识翻译在近现代知识生产中的重要价值提供新视野和新途径。

In the history of Western philosophy,Baruch Spinoza is known for his thinking with a marvelous intensity,a sense of comprehensiveness,and passions for totality and unity.His treatises centered on Dues and based on metaphysics touch on almost every area of philosophy.And his reasoning marked by geological doctrine paves the way for the modern philosophy.However,when Spinoza was introduced and translated into Modern China,Chinese intellectuals represented and addressed Spinoza's monism with contested concepts,and thus formulated a refracted image of Spinoza.His theories of knowledge and philosophy of mind had been assimilated to ancient Chinese thoughts including the Daoism advocated by Zhuangzi,the Buddhism,and the neo-Confucian writings of Zhu Xi and Wang Shouren.A comprehensive study on how Chinese intellectuals interpreted and translated Spinoza in modern China reflects an act of philosophical transcoding,which to some extent,is not for the sake of academic studies,but for a further development of Chinese traditional thoughts.Thus,interpreting Spinoza in Chinese is in nature a specific knowledge production intermingled with both Western philosophical ideas and traditional Chinese thoughts.