我国奶牛养殖机械化智能化信息化应用现状分析

The Application of Mechanization,Intelligence and Informatization in Dairy Farming in China

近年来,随着我国奶牛存栏规模及单产水平的不断提高,为减少用工量、改善牧场管理及提高生鲜乳质量安全水平,牧场机械化信息化智能化技术应用逐渐普及。本课题组先后前往北京、新疆、山西、河北、河南等地区实地调研53家牧场,发现调研的牧场100%实现机械化挤奶和TMR饲喂,但刮粪板清粪、自动发情鉴定、奶量自动计量、电子耳标等前沿技术主要应用于千头以上牧场,此类牧场大部分具有集团化经营背景,资金实力雄厚,技术力量强。千头以下牧场以私营为主,经营以养牛售奶为主,机械化信息化智能化技术应用较为被动。针对此种情况,提出加大科技投入,提高奶业科技支撑能力;加强培训,提高牧场主对智能化信息化的认识度;引导养殖企业多元经营,拓宽收入渠道等政策建议。

In recent years,with the herd size and milk production per cow increasing,the application of mechanization,informatization and intelligence technology is gradually popularized in order to reduce labor requirements,improve management of herds and raise the quality and safety level of fresh milk.Totally 53 dairy farms in Beijing,Xinjiang,Shanxi,Hebei,Henan were visited.The survey indicated that the technology of total mix ration(TMR)and automatic milking were used in all of the farms.The technology such as manure scrapers,automation of oestrus detection,automatic metering device for fresh milk and electronic tag cow only used in the herds with more than 1000 cows which was belong to the collectivized enterprises with strong financial strength and technical team.The herds with less than 1000 cows were mainly private owned,mainly engaged in raising cattle and selling milk,and the application of mechanization,informatization and intelligence technology was relatively passive.In the future,the investment in science and technology from government should increase to improve the dairy science and technology support capacity,the training to dairy farmers should be strengthened to improve their knowledge about mechanization,intelligence and informatization and farming enterprises should be guided to to carry out diversified management to widen income channel.