作为阶级反话语的美国南方穷白人“粗悍文学”

Grit Lit by Poor Whites in the American South as a Class Counter-Discourse

20世纪80代以来,美国南方“粗悍文学”崛起,重塑穷白人在南方的社会、历史定位,置换其被旧南方主导话语规训的他者身份;诉说其冷峻灰暗的乡村生活及向城而生的人生抉择,拆穿留恋农业社会,忌惮工业文明的田园叙事;打造其多维、人性化形象,消解模式化形象对人们贬低、歧视穷白人的认知归导;形成了对抗、解构上层社会“南方神话”的劳动阶级反话语,助力穷白人摆脱边缘、弱势地位,推动南方文坛权力格局演变及文学视角的大众转向。

Grit Lit in American South,rising since the 1980s,redefines the poor whites’identity to change their social and historical position as others disciplined by the mainstream discourse in the Old South;it their miserable rural life and their choice to strive for a living in cities to dismantle the idyllic narrative nostalgic of agrarian society and rejective of industrial civilization;constructs multi-dimensional and humanized poor-white images to repudiate the discriminatory cognitive guidance on stereotyping the poor whites,thus developing a counter-discourse of the working class,which collides head-on with and deconstructs the aristocratic Southern Myth,altering the marginalized and underprivileged position of the poor whites,and boosting the transition of southern literature to a poor-folk perspective.