“记言”“编言”与“撰言”——早期语类文献生成及文体嬗变述略

“Recording”,“Editing”and“Writing”——On the Generation and Stylistic Evolution of Early Genre Literature

早期语类文献的出现缘于重言风尚,存在“记言”“编言”“撰言”三种生成方式。从发生角度来看,这三种方式以“记言”为最早,其次“编言”,再次“撰言”。然而,就早期语类文献生成而言,三者可以是独立的,也可以混融,而混融的情形则更为常见。从文体的角度来看,语类文献载录的主要是人物言论,可早期语类文献尽管以记言为其根本特征,但同时还包含其他因素。作为一种文类,早期语类文献其实有着多元的次生文体,不仅存在篇章意义上的格言体、对话体、事语体、专论体,而且还存在专书意义上的国别体、语录体、纪传体、世说体。这些次生文体的形成,与“编言”行为密切相关;正是不同的“编言”样式,导致不同次生语体的生成。因此,只有将“记言”与“编言”“撰言”紧密结合起来,才能比较好地揭示、解释早期语类文献的生成与文体特征。

The emergence of early genre literature is due to the trend of tautology.There are three ways of generation:recording,compiling and writing.From the perspective of occurrence,the first of these three methods is“recording”,followed by“editing”,and then“writing”.However,in terms of the early generation of genre documents,the three can be independent or blended,and blending is more common.From a stylistic point of view,the genre literature mainly contains the speech of characters.Although the early genre literature is based on the basic feature of narration,it also contains other factors.As a genre,the early genre literature actually has multiple secondary genres.There are not only the aphoristic style,dialogue style,event style,and monograph style in the sense of the text,but also the national style and Quotation style,Biography style,Shishu style in the sense of the book.The formation of these secondary styles is closely related to the behavior of“editing”;it is the different style of“editing”that leads to the generation of different secondary styles.Therefore,only by closely combining“recording”with“editing”and“writing”can we better reveal and explain the generation and stylistic characteristics of early genre documents.