政策工具视角下的主体功能区土地政策研究

Research on Land Policy of Functional Zones from the Perspective of Policy Instruments

政策工具的选择直接影响着政策目标的实现。差异化的土地政策,可以加快主体功能区建设,优化国土空间开发格局,促进经济、人口、资源和环境的协调发展。从政策工具的视角,以2011—2019年间119篇中央层面主体功能区土地政策为研究对象,基于文本分析的方法,梳理总结现有土地政策变迁的规律。研究结果显示,在现有土地政策中,不同类型政策工具的应用并不均衡,政府及其职能部门偏好强制性政策工具,对混合型和志愿性政策工具重视不够;在不同类型的主体功能区中,各种政策工具的组合应用差别不明显,没有体现《全国主体功能区规划》的要求。因此,应基于不同类型功能区的主体定位,对主体功能区的土地政策进行优化设计。

The choice of policy instruments directly affects the realization of policy objectives.Differentiated land policy can accelerate the construction of functional zones,optimize the pattern of land space development,and promote the coordinated development of economy,population,resources and environment.From the perspective of policy instruments,this paper takes 119 land policies of functional zones at central level from 2011 to 2019 as the research object,and uses the method of text analysis to sort out and summarize the laws of the existing land policy changes.The results show that,in the existing land policy,the application of different types of policy instruments is not balanced,the government and its functional departments prefer mandatory policy instruments,and pay less attention to mixed and voluntary policy instruments;in different types of functional zones,the difference in the combined application of various policy instruments is not obvious,which does not reflect the requirements of the national plan for developing functional zones.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the land policy of functional zones based on the positioning of different types of functional zones.