北京市延庆区不同生境昆虫多样性特征调查分析

Investigation and analysis of insect diversity in different habitats in Yanqing district of Beijing

【目的】不同的生境有不同的优势昆虫类群,基于对北京市延庆区的昆虫采集,研究昆虫与生境的关系。【方法】在2017年9月-2018年8月,采用样线法、马氏网法、灯诱法和陷阱法在北京市延庆区全区进行昆虫采集,并按生境类型对采集到的昆虫进行种类鉴定和数量统计。【结果】调查期间共采集昆虫25885头,隶属15目132科,共计379种。采集到的昆虫数量以双翅目最多,占比达27.12%,其次为半翅目,占25.25%。不同生境的昆虫个体数量大小依次为:湿地>农田>草地灌木>森林>人造林;昆虫科数高低依次为农田>湿地>森林>草地灌木>人造林。延庆区不同生境昆虫Margalef丰富度指数存在极显著差异(F=22.15;P<0.01),表现为湿地>人造林>森林>草地灌木>农田;均匀度指数表现为湿地=森林>草地灌木>人造林>农田。不同生境昆虫多样性指数H′存在极显著差异(F=25.50;P<0.01),表现为湿地>森林>人造林>草地灌木>农田;昆虫优势度指数存在极显著差异(F=20.6;P<0.01),表现为湿地>森林>人造林>草地灌木>农田。在延庆区的调查中,5种生境类型的生境间昆虫相似度系数除湿地和草地灌木为极不相似(0.18)外,均高于0.25小于0.50,表现为中等不相似。【结论】昆虫对于不同生境有相应的选择倾向。湿地和森林等少有人涉足,人为影响较小的地区昆虫种类丰富,昆虫多样性高且群落稳定性好。延庆区的昆虫多样性保护应首先倾向于对湿地和森林区域采取措施。

[Objectives]Different habitats have different dominant insect groups.Based on the results of insect collection in Yanqing District of Beijing,the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between insects and their habitats.[Methods]From September 2017 to August 2018,insects were collected in the Yanqing District of Beijing using the four sampling methods of sample line transect,Malaise trap,light trap,and trap with mixture of sugar and acetic acid and water.The species and number of collected insects from the respective habitat type were identified and counted by habitat types.[Results]During the whole sampling period,a total of 25885 insects belonging to 15 orders and 132 families,a total of 379 species were collected fromYanqing district of Beijing.The most collected insects were Diptera(27.12%),followed by Hemiptera(25.25%).The order of these sampled habitats based on the collected insect abundances was following as wetland>farmland>grassland-shrub>forest>afforestation;The order of these sampled habitats based on the family number of collected insects was following as farmland>wetland>forest>grassland-shrub>afforestation.Moreover,there was significant difference in the Margalef richness index of insects among different habitats in Yanqing district of Beijing(F=22.15;P<0.01),the order was following as wetland>afforestation>forest>grassland-shrub>farmland;and the order of these sampled habitats based on the Evenness index of insects was following as wetland=forest>grassland-shrub>afforestation>farmland.Furthermore,there were significant difference in the insect diversity index H’among different habitats(F=25.50;P<0.01),and the order was following as wetland>forest>afforestation>grassland-shrub>farmland.And there were significant differences in the insect dominance index(F=20.6;P<0.01),and the order was following as wetland>forest>afforestation>grassland-shrub>farmland.In the survey of Yanqing district of Beijing,the insect Similarity coefficient between the five types of sampled habitats was between 0.25 and 0.50,which was shown as the low,.with the exception of wetland and grassland-shrub,which were lower(0.1851).[Conclusion]He results show that insects have specific selection tendency in response to different habitats.Areas with few people involved,such as wetlands and forests,are rich in insect species and abundances,and simultaneously have good community stability.So the protection of insect diversity in Yanqing district of Beijing should first take measures in wetland and forest areas.