依赖地下水生态系统的生态水文研究评述

Eco-hydrology groundwater-dependent of ecosystem

变化环境下的地下水水文情势变化直接影响到地表生态的格局与过程,是引起生态系统结构与功能演变的关键因素.针对依赖地下水生态系统,评述了其生态水文研究的主要进展:依赖地下水生态系统的生态水文识别,变化环境条件下依赖地下水生态系统的水文响应,依赖地下水生态系统的生态需水规律,以及依赖地下水生态系统的生态水文模拟4个方面.总体而言,随着依赖地下水生态系统研究的深入,目前研究已经从单一关注地下水与生态系统交互作用,过渡到多要素耦合驱动、多时空过程相互影响的研究阶段,将地表水与地下水以及二者与地表生态的交互作用纳入到统一的研究框架中.未来重点研究领域与方向包括:依赖地下水生态系统的识别与演变机制研究;依赖地下水生态系统的分类及其空间绘图;依赖地下水生态系统的生态需水规律;依赖地下水生态系统的生态水文要素与过程综合模拟.上述研究的开展将为生态系统的保护与恢复提供切实的理论与实践支撑.

In a changing environment,altered groundwater flow regime would affect ecohydrological pattern and processes, to result in degradation of ecosystem. Here we review major progress in ecohydrological research of groundwater-dependent ecosystem. In general,research for groundwater dependent ecosystem has transitioned from interaction between groundwater and ecosystem to interaction between multi-elements, multi-spatial and temporal scales, with more focus on interaction between surface water, groundwater and ecosystem. Future research should stress the following themes: identification of groundwater dependent ecosystem,exploring evolution mechanism,classification of groundwater dependent ecosystem. The following should also be stressed: ecological water requirement of groundwater dependent ecosystem, comprehensive simulation for ecohydrological elements and processes,construction of groundwater dependent policy to restore and protect groundwater dependent ecosystem.