我国教育惩戒若干争议问题研究

Research on Some Controversial Issues in Educational Discipline in China

为落实立德树人根本任务,教育部于2019年11月22日公布了《中小学教师实施教育惩戒规则(征求意见稿)》,引起社会高度关注。我国关于教育惩戒的研究在其概念、边界、必要性、实施依据等方面存在争议。概念争议聚焦在教育惩戒是教育手段还是管理手段,惩戒目的指向育德为主还是秩序维护。边界争议集中于惩戒对象是否应包含学业问题行为以及惩戒方式是否应有体罚。教育惩戒实施依据围绕动机还是后果发生争议。教育惩戒作为以育人育德为目的的教育手段,其存在是合理且必要的,而惩戒边界的确立应坚持严谨的学术态度,并加以科学论证。教育惩戒概念既属于综合行政范畴,又属于教育范畴,如何将此概念加以清晰界定,是教育惩戒立法应考虑的核心问题。违纪性法规对学生而言不仅是警戒线,也是保护线,然而现行管理规定中针对学生违纪行为并未有完善的处理措施。因此,明确中小学教师的管教权和学校合理的教育惩戒措施、针对学生违纪行为建立相关违纪性法规是当前相关职能部门应考虑的重要问题。争议之处反映的正是教育惩戒亟待解决的问题,因此,应重视这些争议问题,深入调研,进而为教育惩戒理论研究的深化以及制定完善的教育惩戒法案提供有价值的建议。

In order to implement the fundamental task of fostering morality and cultivating students,on November 22,2019,China's Ministry of Education released a draft of comments on“Primary and Middle School Teachers Implementing Educational Discipline Rules”.In the education and teaching management,education punishment is an unavoidable and important issue.The opinion draft has aroused great concern from all walks of life.This paper uses the literature method to analyze the controversial problems in China's education punishment.The research on educational punishment is controversial in four aspects:its concept,boundary,necessity,and research perspective of implementation basis.Conceptual disputes focus on whether education punishment is an education or management method,and the purpose of punishment is to focus on moral education or order maintenance;boundary disputes focus on whether the punishment object should include academic problem behavior and whether the punishment method should include corporal punishment;education punishment implementation basis is controversial around whether it should be based on motives or consequences.Scholars have doubts about the necessity of education punishment.Some scholars believe that education punishment is an indispensable part of the education process.On the contrary,some scholars believe that education punishment is not necessary to be practiced in educational activities.This article believes that educational punishment,as an educational method aimed at educating people and morals,is reasonable and necessary,and the establishment of the discipline boundary should be scientifically justified by sticking to the academic rigorous attitude.Sorting out and analyzing several disputes will help further deepen the research on educational punishment.In the future,China's education punishment research still needs to overcome the two core problems of vague definition of education punishment and the absence of disciplinary regulations.