ERG理论视域下乡村教师流动问题审视

A Survey of Rural Teacher Flow from the Perspective of ERG Theory

教师合理流动对乡村义务教育发展具有重要意义。目前我国乡村教师的流动状况不容乐观。基于对已有文献和调查的分析,乡村教师流动存在的主要问题体现在“乡村教师流动方向单一”“年轻教师城乡流动逆差突出”“高学历和高职称教师的流动比例偏高”三个方面。ERG理论为审视乡村教师不良流动的深层原因提供了独特视角。基于ERG理论分析,造成乡村教师不良流动的主要原因是乡村教师对生存需要、关系需要、成长需要的追求。鉴于此,政府和学校应提高乡村教师工资和待遇水平,满足乡村教师生存需要;改进乡村学校管理制度,营造和谐民主的氛围,满足乡村教师关系需要;重视教师实现自我的渴望,满足乡村教师专业发展和职业成长需要。通过兼顾乡村教师多层次的需要,采取有针对性的鼓励措施,避免在教师专业成长中出现“受挫-回归”现象,促进乡村教师合理流动。

The reasonable flow of teachers is of great significance in the development of rural compulsory education,but the current flow of rural teachers in China is still not optimistic.Based on the literature and survey analysis,this paper found that the problems of teacher mobility in rural areas are mainly reflected in“single flow direction”,“prominent deficit of young teacher mobility”,“high ratio of teacher mobility with high academic and professional titles”.ERG theory provides a perspective for exploring the deep causes of poor mobility of rural teachers,including the pursuit of survival needs,relationship needs and growth needs of rural teachers.In view of this,we should improve the salary of rural teachers to meet their survival needs;toimprove the management of rural schools and to create a harmonious and democratic atmosphere to meet rural teachers relationship needs;pay attention to the rural teachers will of self-fulfillment to meet theirdevelopment and growth needs.Considering the multi-level needs of teachers and adopting targeted incentive measures,we should avoid“frustration-regression”in teachers development and promote the rational flow of rural teachers.