国际经贸规则下国有企业的补贴政策研究

Research on the Subsidy Policy of State-owned Enterprises under International Economic and Trade Rules

近年来,国际投资规则呈现区域化、碎片化趋势,贸易便利化与保护主义并行。在此背景下,竞争中立原则备受国际关注。目前,在竞争中立的实践方面,澳大利亚、经济合作与发展组织(OECD)、美国和欧盟各成一派,并面临重点规制对象不清、与国有企业相容性、竞争中立的适用性及例外等问题。针对竞争中立原则下的国有企业界定,澳大利亚、欧盟、美新自由贸易协定、跨太平洋伙伴全面进步协定(CPTPP)和OECD等不同国家和组织都有不同的阐述和立场。目前,国际经贸规则下的国有企业补贴以WTO的SCM协定为基本规则,以CPTPP非商业支持规则为新代表,并受到美欧日联合声明的干扰和影响。

In recent years,international investment rules have shown a trend of regionalization,fragmentation,and a parallel trend of trade facilitation and protectionism.In this context,the principle of competitive neutrality has attracted international attention.Australia,OECD,the United States and the European Union have different ways to realize competition neutrality,and they are facing problems such as unclear key regulatory targets,compatibility with state-owned enterprises,applicability and exceptions for competition neutrality.Regarding the definition of state-owned enterprises under the principle of competition neutrality,different nations and organizations such as Australia,the European Union,the USSFTA,CPTPP and OECD have different interpretations and positions.At present,state-owned enterprise subsidies under the international economic and trade rules are based on the WTO’s SCM agreement,while the CPTPP’s non-commercial Assistance rules is a new representative.They are being interfered and affected by the United States,Europe and Japan joint statements.