美国重振制造业完全依靠自由市场吗?——论重振过程中的美国产业政策

Does the America Entirely Rely on Free Market to Revive Manufacturing?In Terms of the American Industrial Policy in the Process of Revitalization

考察美国产业创新政策可以发现,美国产业发展并非完全由市场决定。美国政府精心设计规划产业发展路径,并通过各种法案支持和引导产业创新沿着政府规划道路发展。其产业创新政策体系主要包括技术创新与制度创新互动互促、大力支持中小企业以强化创新主体和加强"产学研政"合作等。为了使上述产业创新政策得到有效实施,美国政府出台了一些辅助性政策,包括培养和引进创新型人才与鼓励军民融合。美国产业政策的实施对我国产业政策的制订的启示包括:逐步从政府直接投资模式向间接支持和激励模式转变;紧紧围绕提升工业国际竞争力打造产业政策,避免过度金融化;努力增强中小企业的创新主体地位;重视对产业创新政策的动态调整;紧抓重点领域,促进技术创新产业化。

The investigation of the American industrial innovation policy reveals that the Free Market Myth in the American industrial development has been ended.By various bills,the US government supports industrial innovation along the path which is designed carefully.Its policy system of industrial innovation mainly includes the interaction of technological innovation and institutional innovation,the support for small and medium-sized enterprises,strengthening the main body of innovation and the industry-university-research-government cooperation.In order to effectively implement these industrial innovation policies,the US government has introduced some supporting policies,including cultivating and introducing innovative talents and encouraging the military-civilian integration.The enlightenment of the American industrial policy to the formulation of China’s industrial policy has showed that we should gradually change from the government’s direct investment model to the indirect support and incentive model,design industrial policy aiming at promoting international industrial competitiveness and avoid over financialization,strengthen the status of small and medium-sized enterprises,emphasize the dynamic adjustment of industrial innovation policy and grasp key areas to promote the industrialization of technological innovation.