纳米纤维吸声降噪研究进展

Research progress of noise reduction by nanofibers

为拓宽纳米纤维在声学领域的应用,促进高性能纳米纤维吸声材料的发展,对目前国内外纳米纤维的吸声降噪研究进展进行综述。首先分析了纳米纤维的吸声原理及吸声优势,认为纳米纤维的高比表面积与高孔隙率促进了其对中低频段声波的吸收;其次对影响纳米纤维吸声性能的因素进行了归纳与总结;然后重点阐述了纳米纤维对天然纤维、合成纤维与泡沫等材料吸声性能的影响,认为在常规吸声材料表面复合纳米纤维后可显著提升自身中低频段的吸声性能;最后针对纳米纤维吸声研究中亟待解决的问题以及如何制备绿色高性能的纳米纤维吸声材料进行了展望。

In order to broaden the application of nanofibers in acoustics and promote the development of sound absorption of high-performance nanofibers,the current research on sound absorption and noise reduction of nanofibers at domestic and abroad is reviewed.First,the sound absorption principle and advantages of nanofibers are analyzed.The high specific surface area and porosity of nanofibers promote the absorption of sound waves in the low and middle frequency range.Secondly,the factors that affect the sound absorption properties of nanofibers are summarized.Then introduced the preparation technology of nanofibers.The effects of nanofibers on the sound absorption properties of natural fibers,synthetic fibers and foams are mainly described.It is believed that conventional sound absorption materials can significantly improve their sound absorption performance in low and middle frequency range by combining with nanofibers.Finally,the prospects for nanofiber sound-absorbing urgently to be solved and how to prepare green and high-performance nanofiber sound-absorbing materials were made.