中国的“领域-地盘”双层权力空间秩序——以广州市番禺区坑头村为案例

Territory-dipan:A double-layer structure of China’s power-land order from a political geography view:Taking Kengtou village in Guangzhou city as an example

以中西方权地关系的比较为基础,探讨了中国社会由"领域-地盘"构成的双层权地秩序,其中"领域"体现了西方契约社会下的权力空间规则,"地盘"展现了中国人情社会中的权地关系特色。在中国,"人情社会"和"关系"是影响不同尺度权力运转的重要因素,进而呈现领域体系和地盘体系相组合的结构性特点。不同主体通过差异化的空间策略完成正规的领域化和非正规的地盘化,由此实现空间中权力网络的持续演替。本文具体以广州市番禺区坑头村为例,探讨了在村庄这一微观尺度形成的权力空间类型及"领域-地盘"的四阶段互动机制。基于政治地理学的领域理论,本文提出了不同于现有分析框架的中国式权地秩序新思路,有望推动既有的领域研究和领域理论的本土化。

Based on the comparison of the power-land relationship between China and the West,this paper discusses and summarizes a double-layer structure composed of territory and dipan(地盘).Territory,a core concept in political geography,reflects how spatial power game goes in the context of Western contractual society.Unlike the West,contemporary China has been a complex of traditional favor society and modern contract society,where existing territory theory seems unable to give perfect expression to certain China’s situations.In this case,we suggest that dipan,a local power-land concept,serve as a supplement of the China’s power-space analysis.Dipan is a term composed of two Chinese characters.Di means land/space while Pan depicts a status of crisscross.According to the power-land view difference,we points out that Guanxi(关系)is the main factor shaping a more sophisticated power game in China.Generally,dipan system could be regarded as Guanxi’s projection in space.As a result,there come two parallel systems in the same physical space:the territory system and the dipan system.Meanwhile,it forms two independent interacting processes,territorialization and dipanization(transforming neutral space into one’s dipan where he/she has emotional advantages and enjoys certain power through some informal means).We give an in-depth discussion on Kengtou village in Guangzhou to preliminarily discuss the double-layer’s evolution.By reviewing the spatial development and power-land relationship transformation of the village in history through literature works,interviews and questionnaires,we find that 4 kinds of double-layer structures have appeared in succession.Territory rules are formulated corresponding to different socio-economic systems,yet the dipan system will somehow realize its informal guanxi effect to reshape the power rules.The interaction between the two systems can be divided into four stages,namely,division into two layers,infiltration from dipan to target territory,dipan succeeds/fails in gaining its way,and the balance-broken.In practical terms,dipan view is shown in numerous aspects of the Chinese people’s behavior at different scales.This new double-layer analytical framework is expected to provide a Chinese perspective in promoting the territory and territorialization research at home and abroad.