小型船舶无害化卫生厕所的研发及其杀灭血吸虫虫卵的效果评估

R&D of a harmless sanitary latrine for small-sized ships and evaluation of its effect on killing Schistosoma japonicum eggs

目的研发适宜小型船舶的粪便无害化卫生厕所,并对其杀灭血吸虫虫卵的效果进行评估。方法利用三格式厕所原理研发适宜小型船舶的粪便无害化卫生厕所,结合微生物菌剂能分解粪便形成强酸性环境的作用,对两者结合杀灭血吸虫虫卵的效果进行现场模拟试验。结果小型船舶无害化卫生厕所结合微生物菌剂能完全杀灭血吸虫虫卵,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论研发的小型船舶无害化卫生厕所不需电源、使用简便、节能环保,符合《粪便无害化卫生要求》(GB 7959-2012)规定的血吸虫病卫生要求,对湖区小型船舶改厕工作具有推广应用价值。

Objective To research and develop(R&D)a harmless sanitary latrine for small-sized ships,and evaluate the efficacies of such latrine in killing Schistosoma japonicum eggs.Methods The sanitary latrine was developed based on the principles of three-septic-tank toilet by combined introduction of the microbial agents that could decompose feces to form a strong acid environment in latrine.Simulated field experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the harmless sanitary latrine in killing Schistosoma japonicum eggs.Results Simulation test showed that this sanitary latrine for small-sized ships could completely kill the Schistosoma japonicum eggs with the role of microbial agents.The difference was significant difference between experiment group and control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The harmless sanitary latrine is valuable for small-sized ships running in the lake areas,because it does not need power supply,and is easy to use,energy-saving and environmentally friendly.Particularly,this facility satisfies the national standard GB 7959-2012 Hygienic requirements for harmless disposal of night soil in schistosomiasis control.