2009-2018年湖北应城市血吸虫病监测分析

Analysis on the surveillance results of schistosomiasis in Yingcheng City from 2009 to 2018

目的分析2009-2018年应城市血吸虫病监测点疫情资料,以掌握全市血吸虫病流行态势,科学评价血吸虫病防治效果。方法按照国家和湖北省血吸虫病监测方案的要求,于2009-2018年在应城市选择有代表性的3个流行村开展血吸虫病疫情监测工作,建立分年度监测数据库并统计分析。结果2009-2018年,应城市监测点共报告血吸虫病终审病例738例,其中确诊病例92例,10年间未发生血吸虫病突发疫情。本地居民血检阳性率由2009年的6.31%下降到2018年的0.91%,居民感染率由2009年的2.15%下降到2014年的0。男性、60岁以上年龄组血检阳性率及血吸虫感染率均较高。家畜累计开展查病834头,查出阳性6头,均为2013年以前查出。钉螺感染率为0,活螺平均密度由2009年的0.1950只/框下降到2018年的0.0316只/框,有螺框出现率由2009年的10.90%下降到2018年的2.69%。结论近年来应城市实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治策略,居民感染率、家畜感染率和钉螺感染率等疫情指标大幅下降,目前血吸虫病处于低度流行水平。下一步要继续维持监测能力,综合治理,加大风险监测力度和流动人口的管理。

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis in Yingcheng City from 2009 to 2018 so as to understand the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis and evaluate the control effect of schistosomiasis in scientific fashion.Methods According to National Scheme for Schistosomiasis Surveillance and The Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province,three typical endemic villages were selected between 2009 and 2018 to undergo surveillance over schistosomiasis.The surveillance data were annually collected and analyzed.Results From 2009 to 2018,a total of 738 cases of schistosomiasis were reported,in which 92 were confirmed.No sudden endemic occurred during the 10 years.Totally,positive blood rate was decreased to 0.91%in 2018 from 6.31%in 2009.Human prevalence of schistosomiasis was decreased from 2.15%in 2009 to 0 in 2014.The positive rate of blood test and schistosomiasis were higher in male and population aged over 60 years.Positive results were identified in 6 out of a total of 834 livestock tested before 2013.The infection rate of snails was zero,and the density of live snails was decreased from 0.1950/frame in 2009 to 0.0316/frame in 2018.Surveillance frame with snails was decreased from 10.90%in 2009 to 2.69%in 2018.Conclusion The infection rate of schistosomiasis in population,livestock and snails were greatly reduced in Yingcheng City due to comprehensive control measures implemented from 2009 to 2018,and currently schistosomiasis remains in lower prevalent.However,following measures should be focused on consolidated surveillance,comprehensive management,enhanced risk control and management of floating population.