鲟营养需求与饲料研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND FEED OF STURGEONS

鲟(Sturgeons)是我国重要的经济养殖鱼类之一,最近几年,我国鲟养殖总产量一直高居世界第一。目前除了一部分开口饲料从国外进口外,鲟其他生长阶段的饲料均采用国产鲟饲料。但国产饲料质量参差不齐,造成鲟生长速度差异较大,甚至导致鱼体抗病力下降。文章对其能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物盐类、维生素需求量,以及蛋白源、脂肪源和添加剂的研究进展进行了综述,以期为鲟营养需求的深入研究和配合饲料的合理配制提供参考依据。幼鲟对蛋白质的适宜需求量约为36%—40%,赖氨酸和蛋氨酸需求量分别为2.80%和1.13%,蛋能比为18—22 mg/kJ,脂肪的需求量约为11.1%—35.7%,碳水化合物约为11%—35%,磷为0.50%—0.87%;鲟能较好地利用动植物蛋白原料和植物油,一些功能性添加剂有促生长和提高免疫的功效,关于维生素和矿物盐需求的研究还不够全面。

Sturgeon is one of most important domestic economic cultured fish species in China.The domestic aquaculture production of sturgeon has been the largest in the world for several years.At present,starter feed for sturgeon larvae are imported from other countries,formulated feed for sturgeon at other stages are produced in China.The quality of domestic feeds was inconsistent,leading to significantly different growth rate and sometimes resulting in decreased disease resistance in sturgeons.Therefore,the latest research on energy,proteins,lipids,carbohydrates,minerals,vitamins and alternative proteins,as well as lipid sources and functional additives were reviewed,thereby laying the foundation for further research on nutritional requirements and for formulating nutritionally balanced feed.The optimal requirements for proteins,lysine,methionine,protein-to-energy ratio,lipids,carbohydrates and phosphorus in juvenile sturgeons were 36%—440%,2.80%,1.13%,18—22 mg/kJ,11.1%—35.7%,11%—35%and 0.50%—0.87%respectively.Sturgeons can make a good use of animal and plant derived protein sources,plant oils,and some functional additives can promote sturgeon growth and enhance its immune response.In addition,information about requirements of minerals and vitamins is incomplete.