创业行为、产业结构与收入分配——一个跨国经验研究

Entrepreneurship,Industrial Structure and Income Gap——A Transnational Empirical Study

本文测算了全球66个国家2001~2018年创业活跃度、产业高级化和产业合理化,运用非平衡跨国面板数据回归的固定效应与2SLS方法,从产业结构的角度探讨了一国创业活跃度对收入不平等的影响。研究表明:(1)创业活动小众时期先扩大收入差距,随着创业普及化逐渐缩小收入差距,创业活跃度与收入不平等呈倒U型关系;(2)创业活动通过促进产业高级化缩小了收入差距,通过加大产业不合理扩大了收入差距;(3)发展中国家创业活动相对于发达国家对收入分配影响更大;发达国家女性创业比男性创业对收入差距的影响更大,然而发展中国家女性创业对收入差距影响不显著。提出政策建议:坚持大众创业万众创新不动摇;杜绝盲目创业,鼓励高附加值创业;改善女性创业软环境。

This paper measures the industrial structure level of 66 countries all over the world from 2001 to 2018,and uses the fixed effect and 2SLS method of non-equilibrium cross-country panel data regression to explore the impact of entrepreneurship on country's income distribution from the perspective of industrial structure.The results show that:(1)overall,when the scale of entrepreneurial activities is small,entrepreneurship will expand the income gap,and gradually it will narrow the income gap when the scale of entrepreneurial activities is big enough,which means the popularization of entrepreneurship.The entrepreneurial activi⁃ty and income inequality showed an inverted U-shaped relationship.(2)Entrepreneurial activities reduce the income gap of host countries through the optimization of industrial structure,but expand the income gap through the rationality of industrial structure.(3)Moreover,entrepreneurial activities in developing countries have a greater impact on income distribution than developed coun⁃tries.Women entrepreneurship in developed countries has a greater impact than male entrepreneurship,but the impact of female entrepreneurship in developing countries is not obvious.Accordingly,this paper puts forward:insist on mass entrepreneurship and innovation undoubtedly.Aviod blind entrepreneurship and encourage high value-added entrepreneurship.Improve the environment for women's entrepreneurship.