关羽夜读《春秋》的文化渊源与价值构建

The Culture Origin and Value Construction of GUAN Yu’s Reading of Spring and Autumn Annals at Night

关羽夜读《春秋》,并未出现于《三国演义》文本中,而是后人将史书传记中关羽对于《春秋》的爱好,与《三国演义》等作品中灯下读书情节杂糅比推而来的文化形象。因《春秋》对于儒家理想政治文化的承载,关羽夜读《春秋》,无疑昭示出关羽对于王道正统及政治秩序的遵守与自觉践行。同时,关羽夜读《春秋》,亦符合关羽形象逐渐儒化和圣化的趋势,是其固有的历史形象与儒家理想及民间期待互相融合而产生的结果。《春秋》蕴含的秩序、等级、名分及统系意识,强化了关羽既有形象中的忠诚、仁义、守礼等品质特点,使关羽的文化形象成为符合《春秋》大义规定性的典范。由此,关羽成为古典时期标准的臣子形象,其核心是宣示忠义守礼为基调的臣道。

GUAN Yu’s reading of Spring and Autumn Annals at night was not found in the text of Romance of The Three Kingdoms,but a cultural image derived from GUAN Yu’s interest in the Spring and Autumn Annals in historical books and biographies with reading at night in books.Based on the political culture of the Confucian ideal in Spring and Autumn Annals,GUAN Yu’s reading of the Spring and Autumn Annals at night undoubtedly shows his adherence to the political order and his conscious practice,also conforms to the trend of Confucianism and sanctification of GUAN Yu’s image,which is the integration of his inherent historical image with Confucian ideals and folk expectations.The order,rank,name and system contained in the Spring and Autumn Annals strengthened the character of loyalty,benevolence,righteousness and observance in GUAN Yu’s existing image,that made GUAN Yu’s cultural image become a model conforming to the Spring and Autumn Annals.GUAN Yu became the standard image of courtiers in the classical period,whose foundation is the way of loyalty and righteousness.