无人机在重大地质灾害应急调查中的应用

Application of UAV photogrammetry technology in the emergency rescue of catastrophic geohazards

传统的地质灾害应急调查受限于地形、天气等外界条件,不能快速全面地获取灾害的详细信息,而无人机具有灵活性强、时效性高和不受复杂地形影响等特点,在地质灾害应急调查中有独特的优势。本文以"6·24"新磨村滑坡和"10·11"白格滑坡为例,阐述了无人机数据获取及处理流程,重点介绍了无人机获取的数字地形产品在地质灾害精确描述、定性及定量分析中的应用。结果表明:无人机摄影测量技术为重大地质灾害应急调查提供了更加科学高效的现场影像采集和遥感成果处理及应用方案,为应急救灾工作的顺利实施及分析研判提供了重要数据支撑,科学有效地保证了现场施工救援人员的安全。

Traditional geohazards emergency investigation is limited by the complex terrain,weather and other external conditions cannot obtain the detailed information of the hazards quickly and comprehensively,while UAV has the characteristics of strong flexibility,high timeliness and not affected by complex terrain,which has unique advantages in geohazards emergency investigation.Taking"6·24"Xinmocun landslide and"10·11"Baige landslide damming events as an example,this paper expounds the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)geohazards emergency investigation data acquisition and processing,mainly introduces the UAV threedimensional digital terrain products in accurate description of geohazards,the application of the qualitative and quantitative analysis.Results show that the UAV photogrammetry technology provides a more scientific and efficient field image acquisition and remote sensing processing application solutions.It provides a technical and data support for the development of emergency rescue work smoothly and efficiently,and a scientific and effective way to guarantee the safety of site construction crews.