当代西方生态民主探析

The Internal Paradoxes and Solutions of Contemporary Western Ecological Democracy

20世纪末兴起的生态民主理论试图运用民主的方式来应对生态问题。然而,在民主程序与生态结果、民主辩论与生态确定性、民主包容与生态扩张等问题上,接受民主程序的生态民主存在着内在悖论。对此,生态民主理论家提出折中性选择。在民主程序与生态结果的问题上,生态民主理论主张为民主添加生态目的导向性,同时放松生态对绿色结果的要求;在民主辩论与生态确定性上,生态民主理论主张承认自然地位,同时认可生态价值的可争论性;在民主包容与主体扩张上,生态民主理论主张通过人类代表替生态言说,同时通过人类的倾听与自然交流。

The theory of ecological democracy,which emerged at the end of the 20 th century,tried to use a democratic path to deal with ecological problems.However,relating to the issues of democratic procedure and ecological result,democratic debate and ecological certainty,democratic inclusion and ecological expansion,there are inherent paradoxes between ecological democracy and democratic procedure.For these paradoxes,ecological democratic theorists put forward some compromise paths.On the issue of democratic procedure and ecological result,they propose to add ecological purpose orientation to democracy,and at the same time to relax ecological requirements.In terms of democratic debate and ecological certainty,they advocate the recognition of natural status and the controversial nature of ecological values.On the issue of inclusion and expansion of democratic subjects,they advocate using human representatives and listening to promote exchanges between humanity and nature.