近代北京博物馆公共职能探析——以报刊文献为中心

Discussion on the Public Function of Modern Beijing Museums:Focusing on Press Publications and Literature

1912年中华民国成立后,博物馆被正式纳入政府管理体系,北京地区相继出现了国立历史博物馆、自然博物馆、卫生陈列所、天文馆、国剧陈列馆等各种类型的博物馆。此外,还有明清皇宫改造而成的故宫博物院。近代北京地区博物馆具有特殊的历史使命,它的公共职能具有很强的政治属性。北京博物馆的创设与开放为民众提供了生活、学习和休闲空间,通过参观博物馆的展览、使用博物馆各类资源以及参与博物馆活动,民众亲身体验了博物馆的社会功能。近代北京博物馆的教育、休闲与商业活动,也反映着北京的社会变迁。

After the foundation of the Republic of China in 1912,museums were formally included in the government management system.Various types of museums such as the National History Museum,Museum of Natural History,Sanitary Exhibition Center,Planetarium,and National Opera Exhibition Hall were established in Beijing.The transformation of the Ming and Qing imperial court to the Palace Museum is well worth mentioning.Modern museums in Beijing have been carrying special historical missions and their public function has a strong political attribute.The creation and opening of the Beijing museums provide living,learning and leisure space for the public.The public benefit from the social functions of the museum through visiting exhibitions,using various museum resources and participating in museum activities.The educational,leisure and commercial activities of modern Beijing museums reflect the social changes of Beijing reciprocally.