两汉时期灯具中的灯罩研究

Study on Lampshade in Lamps during the Han Dynasty

在两汉时期的一些王室贵族的墓葬中发掘出来许多带灯罩的灯具,此类型的灯具以座灯为主,因为立灯在点燃之后,能够满足较大空间的照明需求,所以在立灯中一般不使用灯罩(1)。两汉时期的灯罩是在原来座灯的基础上添加的,不但有防风的功能,还可以任意调整灯光的强弱或者改变照明方向,有的灯具还可以通过灯罩上雕刻的菱形格状孔使灯光发生折射,进而改变灯的照明面积。它们集实用功能、造型审美及科学性能于一体。

During the Han Dynasty,many luminaires with lampshades were excavated from the tombs of some royal families and nobles.This type of luminaires are mainly seat lamps,because after they are ignited,they can meet the lighting of a larger space.Use the lamp cover.In the Han Dynasty,the lampshade was added to the original seat lamp.It not only has the windproof function,but also can adjust the intensity of the light and change the lighting direction.Some lamps can also make the light through the diamond-shaped holes carved on the lampshade.Refraction occurs,which in turn changes the lighting area of the lamp.They integrate practical functions,aesthetic appearance and scientific performance.