国家标准《和田玉 鉴定与分类》解析

Interpretation of National Standard Hetian Yu-Testing and Classification

和田玉是中华文化宝库中的艺术瑰宝,具有深厚的文化内涵,和田玉产业也是珠宝玉石行业的重要组成部分。国家标准GB/T 38821—2020《和田玉鉴定与分类》规定了和田玉的术语和定义、鉴定、分类、命名规则和鉴定证书五个方面内容,确定了和田玉的主要矿物组成为透闪石。着重从标准的重难点、关键技术和创新点进行标准解析,包括标准研制过程,和田玉、糖色、碧玉、墨玉和翠青玉的定义及颜色成因,糖色的划分方法,术语的英文翻译,和田玉的常规宝石学鉴定特征、红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱特征,分类要求、八个颜色分类品种与主要特征以及命名规则,以便标准实施后能够更为有效地推广和使用,促进国内外和田玉市场的健康发展。

Hetian Yu is an art treasure of Chinese culture with profound cultural connotations.Hetian Yu industry is also an important part of jewelry industry in China.The contents of National Standard Hetian Yu—Testing and Classification stipulate terminology and definition,testing,classification,naming rules and certification of Hetian Yu.It is emphasized that tremolite is the main mineral component of Hetian Yu.The paper focuses on the interpretation of the important parts,key technologies and innovation points of the National Standard.It introduces the standard development process,definition and colour origins of Hetian Yu,Tang Se,Bi Yu,Mo Yu and Cuiqing Yu,division method of Tang Se,and terminological of English translation.It also interprets the conventional gemmological testing characteristics,IR spectra and UV-Vis spectra,classification requirements,the analysis of eight classified varieties and main features and naming rules of Hetian Yu,which contributes to the population and implementation of the standard,and promote the healthy development of Hetian Yu market at home and abroad.