水田机械式强制排肥装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Mechanical Forced Fertilizing Device for Paddy Field

目前水田机械施肥均匀性差,且作业时在施肥开沟器末端容易出现肥料粘结、架空、堵塞开沟器等现象。针对以上问题,本文设计了一种水田机械式强制排肥装置,并对其关键部件进行了结构设计及性能试验。将水田机械式强制排肥部件的工作过程分为3个阶段,通过运动学和动力学研究方法分析了各工作阶段肥料在螺旋强制排肥部件内的状态,以及影响排肥部件工作性能的关键因素,对螺旋强制排肥部件的直径、转速、螺距3个因素进行了设计计算。以排肥均匀性变异系数为响应指标,进行了螺旋强制排肥部件的单因素台架试验,通过对最小显著性差异进行统计分析,确定了各因素的取值范围;安排了二次正交旋转组合试验,并对试验结果进行了方差分析和响应面分析,确定了影响排肥性能指标因素的影响由大到小为转速、螺距、直径,建立了排肥性能指标与各因素之间的回归方程,运用Design-Expert软件对试验因素优化求解,确定了较优工作参数组合为螺旋输送器转速120.09 r/min、直径23.90 mm、螺距21.54 mm,此时施肥装置台架试验的排肥均匀性变异系数为7.18%。将所设计的强制排肥部件分别安装在水稻插秧机及水稻气力式施肥播种机上,进行了田间验证试验,试验结果表明,机械式强制螺旋排肥装置工作稳定、堵塞率低,水田防堵塞效果优于无该部件的施肥机械。

The technology of deep mechanical fertilization in paddy field has been developed rapidly as the research and development of special fertilizer for paddy field mechanical fertilization was mature.But the uniformity of mechanical fertilization in paddy field was poor at present,some phenomenon was still exist such as fertilizer bonding,overhead,ditcher blocked during the operating at the end of the furrow opener.In view of the current problems,a mechanical forced fertilizer discharging device adopted with the principle of screw auger forced transportation for paddy field was innovatively designed,and structural design and performance test of key components combined with the agronomic characteristics of paddy field mechanical fertilizer application were carried out.The working process of the forced fertilizer component was divided into three stages.The status of fertilizers in the spiral forced fertilizer discharging device and the key factors affecting the working performance of the device were analyzed by kinematics and dynamics,three factors of auger diameter,auger speed and auger pitch of forced fertilizer discharging parts were designed and calculated.The auger diameter,auger speed and auger pitch were taken as the test factors,and the variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity was taken as the response index,and single factor bench test was carried out to determine the value range of each factor.The order of the primary and secondary factors affecting fertilizer discharge performance was determined as follows:screw auger speed,auger pitch and auger diameter by variance analysis,and response surface analysis were carried out on the test results which analyzed by quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test.By using Design-Expert software,the optimal working parameter combination was determined as follows:auger speed was 120.09 r/min,auger diameter was 23.90 mm,and auger pitch was 21.54 mm,at this time,the variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity in the bench test was 7.18%.A field verification test was carried out by installing the designed compulsory fertilizer discharging device on the paddy field machinery.The results showed that the mechanical compulsory screw fertilizer discharging device worked steadily and had a low plugging rate,the anti-blocking effect was better than that of the fertilizer machine without this part.