他山之石:英美学界景观史范式之解读

Experiences for Reference:Study on Work Paradigm of Landscapes History in English-speaking Academia

历史时期景观变迁研究在近现代西方学术史上占有非常重要的地位,学者们推出了数量众多的景观史著作。景观历史错综复杂,研究线索也多种多样。归纳起来,欧美学者在景观史的撰写上大致形成了两大书写范式:一种是以时间断代为主要线索,按出现先后顺序复原历史上曾经出现的景观,依次讲述各个时代具有典型意义的景观形态及其变迁;另一种则专注于某一类特定景观主题,或以景观史上的重要问题为研究核心,集中而深入地展示其来龙去脉及后续效应。英国学者注重景观历史的溯源与地质环境问题,其历史甚至上溯至石器时代。美国学者则关注到景观的多样式与生态问题。当然,现代景观研究者更喜欢探讨景观的社会意义。中国景观史研究的书与写理应注重区域景观史研究,充分展现中国历史景观的丰富性与多样性。

The study on landscape history received great attention in modern English-speaking academia,so many works had been published in this field.Landscape history faced complicated phenomenon and research clues.Generally speaking,these works of landscape history show two types of writing paradigm:one type of landscape history works is written in time sequence,recovering landscapes emerged in history,recounting and interpreting important models of landscapes in order.The other type is doing concentrated study on some model landscapes in history,or some key problems related to landscape history.It is easy to find Britain scholars pay more attention on origins of landscape and geological environment,and some works dated from the Stone Age.American researcher like talking about the diversity of landscape and ecological problems in the actual world.Recently,postmodern scholars prefer to explore the social significance of landscape.The study on landscape in Chinese history should pay more attention on regional research,and show the great range and diversity of landscape emerged in Chinese history.