个体主义乌托邦的政治命运

The Myth of Individualist Utopia

个体主义乌托邦严格说来并不是一种乌托邦类型,毋宁说是对乌托邦的曲解和滥用,进一步增加了定义乌托邦的困难。个体主义乌托邦观念的形成,是个体主义泛滥的后果,是个体主义与乌托邦的错配。尽管不是乌托邦主义者,但霍布斯与洛克对个体主义乌托邦观念的形成却难辞其咎,而他们对个体主义的政治逻辑推导,昭示了个体主义乌托邦的政治命运。从卢梭到马克思,揭示出个体主义乌托邦政治迷思的根本就在于将市民社会当成最后的解放幻象,而它的最终宿命却是:由于共同性的缺失,它不仅抛却了真正的自由,也背离了乌托邦本身。

Strictly,individualist Utopia is not a type of Utopia.It is rather a distortion and abuse of Utopia per se,and makes more trouble to define Utopia.Individualist Utopia is a mistake to combine individualism and Utopia,which is the outcome of the expansion of individualism.Both Hobbes and John Locke had made contribution to the formation of individualist Utopia,for they had shown the political fate of individualist Utopia by theoretical deduction.From Rousseau to Karl Marx,the truth of individualist Utopia had been unfold,that is,the civil society was regarded as the basic form of liberation.Unfortunately,it is an illusion,and the ultimate fate of individualist Utopia is to abandon both freedom and Utopia.