理性与自由——论斯宾诺莎自由观念的结构

Rationality and Freedom:On the Structure of Spinoza’s Concept of Freedom

当前,学界对斯宾诺莎自由观念有着不同的评价,其重要原因在于自由观念的多维度特征。在斯宾诺莎哲学中,自由观念具有不同的内涵,它包括本体自由、理智自由、行为自由、政治自由等内容,尽管这些自由观念的侧重点各有不同,但它们总体上是一致的。这些自由观念的一致性直接体现了斯宾诺莎以伦理学作为第一哲学的体系定位。只有充分认识自由观念的一致性,并从这种一致性出发,才能发挥斯宾诺莎自由思想的积极意义,进而避免其自由观念可能的缺陷。

At present,there are different evaluations of Spinoza’s concept of freedom in academic circles.The important reason lies in the multi-dimensional characteristics of Spinoza’s concept of freedom.In Spinoza’s philosophy,the concept of freedom has different connotations,including ontology freedom,rational freedom,behavior freedom,political freedom and so on.Although the emphasis of these freedom concepts is different,they are generally consistent.The consistency of these ideas of freedom directly reflects Spinoza’s system positioning of ethics as the first philosophy.Only by fully understanding the consistency of the concept of freedom,and starting from this consistency,can Spinoza play a positive role in his thought of freedom,and then avoid the possible defects of his concept of freedom.