食品领域的生物安全问题研究现状与展望

Reriew:The biosafety analysis in food

现代生物技术在食品领域的发展在带来食物多样性和粮食安全保障的同时,也带来很多问题。食品安全与生物安全密不可分,除了以防范生命和健康风险为共同目标之外,两者的研究边界也趋向融合。同时,在新技术应用的影响下食品产业的发展同样为生物技术研究开拓新空间。越来越多的学者注意到了食品生物安全,该文对食品领域的各类生物安全问题研究进行了梳理与总结,并进行了研究状况的分析和展望,研究聚焦的新型食品评价、合成生物学时代的食品生物安全、食品安全生产的控制方法与"后院""村级"家禽的生物安全研究(非洲猪瘟、H5N1禽流感疫情中的养殖因素)、纳米颗粒技术带来的食品生物污染问题、食品生物实验室安全影响因素研究等前沿问题,这些问题已经或即将成为食品科学领域的研究新热点,为共同构筑我国国家安全体系提供科学理论。

The development of modern biotechnology not only puts forwards the progress of food diversity and food security,but also brings many problems.Food safety and biosafety are inseparable.In addition to the common goals of preventing life and health risks,their research boundaries are also be integrated.At the same time,under the background of application of new technology,the development of food industry also opens up new space for biotechnology research.In this paper,the research on various biosafety issues in food is reviewed and summarized,and the research status is analyzed and prospected,focusing on new food evaluation,food biosafety in the era of synthetic biology,control methods of food safety production and biosafety research of“backyard”and“village”poultry(breeding factors in African swine fever and H5N1 avian influenza epidemic),food biological pollution caused by nano particle technology,influencing factors of food biology research on laboratory safety and other cutting-edge issues.The above-mentioned issues have become or will become new hot spots in the field of food science,providing scientific theory for the construction of China′s national safety system.