禾本科主要农作物叶绿体基因组研究进展

Research Progress on Chloroplast Genome of Major Gramineous Crops

叶绿体是植物细胞所特有的细胞器,是光合作用的主要场所。叶绿体拥有独立的核外基因组,编码与自身功能相关的部分基因,具有半自主性。叶绿体基因组(cpDNA)中含有大量功能基因,在物种鉴定及系统进化研究中的应用价值已经受到研究者们的广泛关注和逐步认可。禾本科是叶绿体基因组研究比较集中的一个科,就禾本科主要作物的叶绿体基因组特征、基因类型分布、RNA编辑以及禾本科主要作物叶绿体基因组在系统发育中的应用等方面进行了综合分析,旨为下一步解析禾本科叶绿体基因组在物种的进化、遗传、系统发育关系等方面的研究奠定基础。

Chloroplasts are unique organelles in plant cells and the main sites of photosynthesis.The chloroplasts are semi-autonomous,possessing independent extranuclear genomes that can encode some of the genes associated with their own functions.The chloroplast genomes(cpDNA)contains a large number of functional genes,and their application values in the study of species identification and phyletic evolution have been widely accepted and gradually recognized by researchers.Gramineae is one of the most concentrated families in chloroplast genome researches.In this paper,we elaborated the studies on the characteristics of the chloroplast genome,the distribution of gene types,gene sequence analysis,RNA editing,and the application of chloroplast genomes in the phylogenetic development of major Gramineae crops,so as to lay a foundation for better analyzing the chloroplast genomes of Gramineae in terms of species evolution,genetics,and phylogenetic relationships.