微生物次级代谢产物生物合成的研究进展

Research Progress in Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites of Microorganisms

微生物能够产生多种具有生物活性的天然次级代谢产物,这些次级代谢产物在医疗、农业和食品领域有着广阔的应用前景。分子生物学、生物信息学和测序技术的发展为次级代谢产物的挖掘奠定了理论基础,并提供了作工具。近年来,对微生物次级代谢产物的研究越来越多。传统的方法已经难以得到令人满意的结果,对微生物进行分子水平的操作将会是新的方向,如对次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇的调控。综述了新发现的次级代谢产物、提高次级代谢产物产量的策略,通过运用次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇异源表达、核糖体工程、表观遗传调控、代谢调控以及调控转录翻译水平等方法,挖掘新的次级代谢产物、提高次级代谢产物产量,旨在为新药的挖掘提供了突破点。

Microorganisms can produce a variety of natural secondary metabolites with biological activity,which have broad application prospects in medical,agricultural and food fields.The development of molecular biology,bioinformatics and sequencing technology has laid a theoretical foundation for the mining of secondary metabolites and provided operational tools.In recent years,there are more and more studies on the secondary metabolites of microorganisms.It is difficult to get satisfactory results by traditional methods.It will be a new direction to operate microorganisms at the molecular level,such as the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene cluster.The strategies of finding new secondary metabolites and increasing the production of secondary metabolites were reviewed,by using the methods of heterologous expression of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene cluster,ribosome engineering,epigenetic regulation,metabolic regulation and regulation of transcription and translation level,the aim is to excavate new secondary metabolites,improve the production of secondary metabolites,and provide a breakthrough for the exploration of new drugs.