盐胁迫蓝细菌诱导相容性物质积累调控机制研究进展及展望

Research Progresses and Perspectives on Regulatory Mechanisms of Salt Stress-Induced Compatible Solutes Production in Cyanobacteria

蓝细菌是一类能进行光合作用的原核微生物,其分布广泛,环境适应力强。在盐胁迫环境下,蓝细菌能迅速合成小分子相容性物质,如甘油葡糖苷、蔗糖、海藻糖等,用以抵抗外界的高盐逆境。由于这些相容物在功能食品、美容保湿、发酵原料供给等方面展现出良好的应用潜力,近年来,利用基因工程技术提高蓝细菌相容性物质的合成能力受到业界的关注,多种相容性物质在蓝细菌中的合成效率已获得大幅提高。然而,人们对蓝细菌中相容性物质积累调控机制的认识还十分有限,这制约着相关技术的进一步发展。本文对当前蓝细菌应对盐胁迫迅速积累相容性物质的调控机制进行了综述,分别从关键基因的表达(包括转录、翻译)和关键酶的酶学活性两个层面,对相关研究进展进行了总结,并对蓝细菌相容物光驱合成技术的发展方向进行了展望。

Cyanobacteria are a class of prokaryotes capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis.They are widely distributed in environments.To cope with salt stress,cyanobacteria usually rapidly de novo synthesize compatible solutes to maintain osmotic balance in the cell,such as glucosylglycerol,sucrose,trehalose.Photosynthetic production of compatible solutes by engineered cyanobacteria cell factory is attracting considerable research interests.However,limited understanding of the salt-induced regulatory mechanisms of compatible solute accumulation in cyanobacteria is restricting the further development of related technologies and their technical applications.Here,the regulatory mechanisms of cyanobacteria compatible solute accumulation are elaborated from the transcriptional,translational,and biochemical levels.Meanwhile,potential problems encountered from the related studies are summarized and the perspectives of the follow-up researches are provided.