生物理性对经济学理性假设的启示

Inspirations of biological rationality to rational assumption of economics

经济学家们一直在通过规范化和修订完善经济学的理性假设这两条路径来提升经济学对个体行为解释的效度,但效果有限。为了更好地解决这个问题,通过演绎的方法从解析理性假设的基本构建出发,系统梳理经济学家们围绕着提升解释效力对理性假设所做的补充和完善。虽然演化经济学尝试借用生物学现象和规律对传统的理性假设进行修补,但与正统经济学一样,也没有真正地回答人为什么要进行经济行为,解释效力依然存在争议。基于此而提出对“生物理性”的理解,直接使用生物演化规律来重新构建经济学的理性假设,以探索一个新的提升效力的路径,即生物理性包括基本理性和经济理性,基本理性与个体为什么行为相关,经济理性与个体如何行为相关。

Economists have been consistently devoted to improving the explanatory validity of economics to individual behavior by formalizing and ameliorating rational assumption,however,the improvement turns out to be limited.To explore a new solution,by using deductive reasoning,this paper started from analyzing the basic construction of rational assumption,and sorted out the economists'efforts to supplement and ameliorate rational assumption.Evolutionary economics has attempted to ameliorate rational assumption by borrowing the biological metaphors and rule,leaving the question why individuals have to conduct economic behavior unanswered,and leaving its explanatory validity still at issue,just as orthodox economics has done.Accordingly,an understanding of“biological rationality”was proposed for economics by using evolution rules directly to reconstruct rational assumption of economics,arguing that biological rationality consists of fundamental rationality and economic rationality,equivalent to why and how individual behave respectively,which may improve the explanatory validity from a new perspective.