微量营养素锌促进肠上皮发育及再生机制的研究进展

Research Progress on Mechanism of Micronutrient Zinc Promoting Development and Regeneration of Intestinal Epithelium

必需微量元素锌是多种酶的重要组分,能作为辅助因子参与蛋白质的激活、折叠及功能调节。锌主要在小肠被吸收,而锌稳态受锌转运体、渗透通道和金属硫蛋白的影响,其稳态异常会引起肠道结构和屏障功能紊乱,导致机体生长发育受阻。此外,锌能够识别细胞信号,通过调节干细胞微环境中Wnt/β-连环蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mTORC1)信号通路增加肠道干细胞活性,促进肠上皮发育及损伤后修复。本文综述了锌在肠道中的转运系统,及其促进肠道黏膜更新和再生的调控机制,旨在为锌制剂的研发和应用提供新思路。

Zinc,an essential trace element,is an important component of many enzymes,which,as a cofac⁃tor,participates in protein activation,folding and functional regulation.Zinc is mainly absorbed in the small in⁃testine,and zinc homeostasis is regulated by zinc transporters,osmotic channels and metallothionein.The ab⁃normality of zinc homeostasis leads to the dysfunction of intestinal structure and barrier,and hinders the growth and development of the body.In addition,zinc can recognize cellular signals,increase intestinal stem cell ac⁃tivity by regulating the Wnt/β⁃catenin and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)signaling pathways,and promote intestinal epithelial development and repair after injury.This paper reviewed the trans⁃port system of zinc in the intestine and its regulatory mechanism for intestinal renewal and regeneration,in or⁃der to provide new ideas for the development and application of zinc preparations.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(11):5038⁃5045]