发酵脐橙粕对番鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉氨基酸含量及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Fermented Navel Orange Pomace on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Muscle Amino Acid Contents and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Muscovy Ducks

本试验旨在研究发酵脐橙粕对番鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和各脏器指数、肌肉氨基酸含量、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分含量的影响。利用复合菌剂发酵脐橙粕并对其进行营养成分分析,选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复15只),对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础饲粮+10%发酵脐橙粕,Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础饲粮+15%发酵脐橙粕,Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础饲粮+20%发酵脐橙粕,预试期7 d,正试期48 d。结果表明:1)脐橙粕发酵后的粗蛋白质含量极显著提高(P<0.01),粗脂肪、粗纤维及粗灰分含量显著下降(P<0.05),营养价值得到提升。2)Ⅰ组的平均日增重和料重比显著高于对照组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅰ组肌肉天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸含量、鲜味氨基酸总量及18种氨基酸的总量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性及尿素、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均显著或极显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此可见,发酵脐橙粕替代10%基础饲粮可显著提高番鸭的生长性能,同时能提高番鸭肌肉必需氨基酸及鲜味氨基酸含量,减少鸭粪中氮、磷、钾等污染物的排放,说明发酵脐橙粕替代10%基础番鸭饲粮是可行的。

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of fermented navel orange pomance on growth performance,slaughter performance,muscle amino acid contents and serum biochemical indexes of Muscovy ducks. Navel orange pomace was fermented with the compound bacteria and its nutritional composition was analyzed. Three hundred and sixty 15-day-old male Muscovy ducks were divided into 4 groups(6 replicates per group,15 ducks per replicate). Fermentation of navel orange pomace and basic diet are mixed to feed Muscovy ducks. The control group was fed the basic diet;groupⅠwas fed 90% basic diet+10% fermented navel orange;groupⅡwas fed 85% basic diet+15% fermented navel orange;groupⅢwas fed 80% basic diet+20%fermented navel orange. The pre-feeding period was 7 days and the formal test period was 48 days. Results showed as follows:1)the content of crude protein extremely boosted in fermented navel orange pomace(P<0.01),while the contents of crude fat,crude fiber and crude ash significantly decreased(P<0.05). The nutritional value of fermented navel orange pomace was improved. 2)The average daily gain and feed/gain of groupⅠwere significantly higher than those of control group,groupsⅡandⅢ (P<0.05). 3)Compared with the control group,the contents of Asp,Glu,Ser,Arg,Gly,Thr,Pro,Ala,Val,Met,Cys,Ile,Leu,Lys,flavor amino acid and total amino acid in groupⅠwere clearly elevated(P<0.05). 4)The contents of alanine aminotransferase activity,urea and high density lipoprotein cholesterol contents in groupⅡwere significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). 5)The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and moisture in duck feces of groupsⅠ, ⅡandⅢwere significantly lower than those of control group. It can be seen that 10% fermented navel orange pomace can significantly improve the growth performance of Muscovy duck,improving the contents of essential amino acids and fresh amino acids in Muscovy duck muscle,enhancing the metabolism,and reducing the emission of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other pollutants in duck feces,which shows that it is feasible to replace 10% basic diet with fermented navel orange pomace for Muscovy ducks.