美国女性力量训练社会因素及实践

Social Factors and Practice of American Women’s Strength Training

在20世纪的大部分时间里,女性体育工作者秉承建议和社会规范,禁止年轻妇女从事高水平的竞争性运动,原因是担心这会损害其身体和女性身份。然而,到了二十一世纪,运动能力的表现和女性气质不再不相容。女性运动员被认为“男性化”观念已被打破。随着这一转变,女运动员的力量训练也越来越被接受,达到可接受的肌肉力量的“天花板效应”。女运动员不再担心在力量训练变得“骨骼肌肥大”,而是专注于力量训练的获得运动能力上的表现,像男性对手致力于运动成功。力量教练在帮助女性运动员实现这一转变方面发挥重要作用,打破历史上和社会上的障碍限制,促进女性参与力量训练。

For most of the 20th century,female sports workers adhered to recommendations and social norms that prohibited young women from engaging in high-level competitive sports because of fear that it would harm their physical and female identity.However,by the twenty-first century,the performance of athletic ability and femininity are no longer incompatible.Female athletes are considered to have been“masculine”.With this shift,the strength training of female athletes is increasingly accepted,achieving the“ceiling effect”of acceptable muscle strength.Female athletes no longer worry about becoming“skeletal muscle hypertrophy”in strength training,while focus on strength training to gain athletic performance,and commit to sports success like their male opponents.Strength coaches play an important role in helping women athletes achieve this transformation,breaking historical and social barriers and promoting women’s participation in strength training.